Background: Modern glenoid cementing techniques for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty has improved the ability to achieve a stable cement mantle, but the efficacy of adjunctive agents in glenoid preparation is unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare the early radiolucency rates of glenoids prepared with and without thrombin. Methods: We identified patients between January 2017 and February 2019 undergoing primary anatomic TSA using two glenoid types. Group A glenoids had a cemented central peg without peripheral peg cementation, and Group B glenoids had cemented peripheral pegs without central peg cementation. The first postoperative radiograph was assessed for radiolucent lines. All patients had the same glenoid preparation except some had the addition of thrombin as a preparation agent. Results: We identified 83 Group A glenoids with and 63 without thrombin glenoid preparation, and109 Group B glenoids with and 48 without thrombin preparation. All Group A glenoids had no radiolucent lines and 5 (3%) Group B glenoids had radiolucent lines. Use of thrombin showed no difference in early radiolucencies (p=1. 00) in either Group. Conclusion: The addition of thrombin as a preparation agent had no effect on early glenoid radiolucent lines in anatomic TSA, and its routine use should be reconsidered.

Background: Clinical decision-making for treating anterior shoulder instability relies on accurate glenoid bone loss quantification precision. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the axial view of a 2-D CT scan compared with arthroscopy to measure glenoid bone loss following 3-D CT scanning. Method: This study was performed from March 2019 to February 2020 on patients who presented to the shoulder clinic of a referral teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Eighteen patients with at least one history of unilateral anterior shoulder dislocation without shoulder surgery participated in the study. Before surgery, the qualified participants had their injured and uninjured shoulders CT scanned. The Griffiths index was used to estimate the size of glenoid bone loss in CT scan imaging. Subsequently, the affected shoulders were arthroscopically evaluated, and glenoid bone loss was measured using a standard probe. Results: Among the 18 participants, glenoid bone loss was underestimated for 11 patients (61. 1%) in CT scans compared to arthroscopy. The mean ±,SD of glenoid bone loss percentage on CT scan (9. 5% ±,4. 9%) was significantly lower than on arthroscopy (11. 7% ±,3. 9%, p = 0. 04). Nevertheless, Pearson’, s correlation showed a significantly moderate correlation (r = 0. 55, p = 0. 01) between arthroscopic and CT scan measurements of glenoid bone loss. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that glenoid bone loss width measurement via the axial view of a CT scan should not be considered a reliable method to measure glenoid bone loss.

Introduction: The middle mesial canal (MMC) of mandibular molars is of particular interest in endodontics due to its complexity. This study investigated the association between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and the radiolucency in the furcation area using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 400 patients referred to the largest radiology center in Kerman City from January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2023, were examined. All CBCT scans were assessed for radiolucency in the furcation area and the presence of MMC. Variables, including age, gender, tooth number, and MMC presence were recorded. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were employed to compare MMC frequency and its impact on furcation radiolucency. Results: Of 201 examined teeth, 37 (18.4%) had MMC, and 23 (11.4%) exhibited furcation radiolucency. However, teeth with a mesial canal showed a higher prevalence of furcation lesions compared to those without (38% vs. 5.2%) (P<0.001). A significant association was observed between a mesial canal and furcation radiolucency, with odds of furcation radiolucency at 12.7 after controlling for age and gender (P<0.001). Conclusion: A strong association exists between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and furcation radiolucency, unaffected by age and gender.

Introduction: Juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) is introduced as a new risk factor for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury,following the removal of the third molar. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of JAR to IAN, cortical plates, and its position with regards to IAN and tooth angulation. Materials & Methods: The present case-control study comprising a sample of 545 Cone Beamed CT scans of mandibular third molars examined 75 JAR cases and 75 control teeth. The relationship of JAR to IAN, its position with regards to IAN, lingual cortical plate thinning, teeth position and angulation were investigated. Descriptive analyses, chi-square and fisher exact tests were performed with a value of 0. 05 considered significant. Results: Mesioangular teeth were the most common in both groups. Based on tooth angulation, no significant difference was detected between case and control groups (p value = 0. 346). There was no significant difference between the two groups, with regards to JAR and tooth proximity to IAN (p value = 0. 578). Although, the most prevalent position in the JAR group was lingual and superior in the control group, but no significant difference was observed between them (p value = 0. 122). Most cases of JAR (84. 0%) and most cases of control group (77. 3%) showed some degree of cortical thinning. Based on this, no significant difference was present between the JAR and control groups (p value = 0. 626). Conclusion: JAR is generally in contact with mandibular canal and some degree of cortical thinning manifest in most of these cases. These findings suggest a possible increase in the risk of nerve injury during surgical removal of third molars.

Background: An untreated root canal in an endodontically treated tooth can lead to periapical lesions which can ultimately result in necrosis and inflammation of the pulp or destruction of periodontal tissues. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of periapical radiolucency in endodontically treated teeth with untreated canals identified by CBCT. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional observational study, a total of 326 maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars with 775 root canals with previous root canal treatment obtained from CBCT images from the archives of the Radiology Center of the Faculty of Dentistry of Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) were examined. The study recorded the number of teeth and roots, presence/absence of periapical lesions, and untreated canals. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (α=0. 05). Results: A total of 38 cases (4. 9%) showed untreated canals, with the second mesiobuccal canal being the most common type (57. 9%) and the maxillary first molar having the highest number of untreated canals (52. 6%). In 125 canals (16. 1%), apical periodontitis lesions were detected. There was a significant difference between the frequency of untreated canals in the endodontically treated maxillary premolars and molars, mandibular premolars, and molars (p<0. 05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in the frequency of apical periodontitis between endodontically treated maxillary premolars and molars, and mandibular premolars and molars (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Apical periodontitis is more common in the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars that have not undergone successful root canal treatment.

Background: Anterior glenohumeral instability is associated with anteroinferior rim defect of glenoid. Evaluation of such bony lesions may play a role in determining proper treatment and predicting recurrence of instability. The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the relation between number of dislocations and extent of bony lesion of the glenoid and also determine the sensitivity and specificity of 3-D CT for detection of patients requiring bone-grafting surgery.Methods: Thirty patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation contributed to this study. The patients underwent bilateral 3-D CT imaging to determine the glenoid index (GI). Then, the correlation between the number of dislocations and GI, and also sensitivity and specificity of CT were determined.Results: The bony lesion was present in 28 (94%) of patients. There was no meaningful relationship between the number of dislocations and GI (p=0.05). Based on the CT, 2 patients required open surgery and bone grafting and 28 patients only Bankart procedure. This was proved to have been wrong in 2 cases at surgery. So, the sensitivity and specificity of 3-D CT was 50% and 96% respectively.Conclusion: The number of dislocations cannot determine the extent of the bony glenoid defect in recurrent shoulder dislocation lesion. 3-D CT can help in knowing the expansion and location of the lesion, but is not a reliable tool for surgical technique.

Oral cysts are divided into two subgroups as odontogenic and non-odontogenic. One of the most common and important cysts is odontogenic keratocyst which called O.K.C. this lesion has a different nature and it is noted as a tumor lesion in recent years. This lesion most frequently appears in first and third decade of life and occurs in the posterior part of the mandibular bone. This lesion has a more extension than expansion. In this present study a case of O.K.C was presented with uncommon appearances. A 50 – year old female with history of expansion in the anterior part of mandibles was referred to the department of oral medicine, 600 NEZAJA center. Clinically, there was a bucal expansion without pain over the Teeth with crowding. Radiographic images and CT scan showed a unicystic radiolucency with teeth movement, without cortical perforation. After biopsy, the diagnosis of O.K.C was reported. Six months follow–up did not show any recurrent lesion. This article is recommended to the dentists because OKS has different clinical and radiographic findings. For this reason all cysts should be considered and evaluated.

Background: The labrum plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the glenohumeral joint. Anterior displacement of the humerus often results in damage to the anterior labrum, causing various lesions. This injury compromises the labrum's stabilizing mechanism, predisposing the shoulder to recurrent dislocations.Objectives: The objective of this study was to use MRI to measure the angles between the glenoid and the humerus, employing the techniques described by Friedman et al. and Poon and Ting (PT). Additionally, the findings were compared between two glenoid groups.Methods: A retrospective comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 18 to 70 years with anterior labrum injuries and a control group (individuals without such injuries). These participants underwent MRI imaging of the shoulder using a standard protocol for reasons unrelated to labrum injuries.Results: The study included 55 patients with anterior labrum injuries and 55 individuals from the control group. In the anterior labrum injury group, there were 17 women and 38 men, whereas the control group consisted of 18 women and 37 men. The case group showed a significantly higher rate of anteversion compared to the control group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).Conclusions: The degree of caudal inclination was significantly greater in the anterior labrum injury group compared to the control group. Furthermore, it was determined that a higher degree of caudal inclination increases the likelihood of anterior labrum injury by a factor of 3.35, a statistically significant finding.